Wilbur Harden (December 31, 1924, Birmingham, Alabama – June 10, 1969, New York City) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist and composer.

Harden is most known for his recordings with saxophonists Yusef Lateef and John Coltrane, and also with trombonist Curtis Fuller. One of the first jazz trumpeters to double on flugelhorn, his playing became less frequent due to illness. He started his career with Roy Brown and Ivory Joe Hunter, before moving to Detroit in 1957 to play with Yusef Lateef's quintet. In late 1958 Harden fell seriously ill, spending four years under medical care. His last recording session took place in 1960 with Curtis Fuller's group, following a brief release from the hospital. Subsequently he stopped playing and died in 1969, in New York City.

He is a 1991 inductee of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.